What is a Warehouse Receipt?

A Warehouse Receipt (Vietnamese: Biên nhận kho hàng) is a legal document issued by a licensed warehouse operator or independent collateral manager to a depositor, confirming the ownership and physical existence of specific goods stored in the warehouse. In trade finance, warehouse receipts function as collateral instruments for working capital loans.

Role in Trade Finance

Warehouse receipt financing allows businesses to unlock liquidity from inventory without liquidating their stock. It is a widely used tool in commodity financing for agricultural products, raw materials, and other readily valued commodities.

Warehouse Receipt Financing Process

1. The business deposits goods in an approved warehouse
2. The warehouse operator issues the warehouse receipt
3. The business pledges the receipt to the bank as collateral
4. The bank appraises the goods and disburses (typically 60%–80% of commodity value)
5. The business repays the loan and retrieves the receipt to collect its goods

Application in Vietnam

Warehouse receipt financing is extensively used in import-export trade in Vietnam, particularly for commodities such as rice, coffee, cashews, and export agricultural products. Banks such as Agribank and Vietinbank offer warehouse receipt lending products tailored to agricultural exporters.

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