What is Interbank Clearing?

Interbank Clearing is the multilateral process through which member banks submit payment orders to a central clearinghouse, which nets all opposing claims and calculates each bank's net position. Final settlement is made through accounts at the central bank or designated settlement institution.

Key mechanisms

• Multilateral netting: Aggregates all bilateral payments to reduce settlement liquidity needs.
• ACH (Automated Clearing House): Batch processing of retail payments (ACH transfers, direct debit).
• RTGS (Real-Time Gross Settlement): Individual settlement of high-value transactions in real time — no netting.
• DNS (Deferred Net Settlement): End-of-day or session-based settlement of netted positions.

In Vietnamese banking: Nghiệp vụ bù trừ liên ngân hàng. Key systems: IBPS (Interbank Payment System), Napas, SWIFT. Related terms: Settlement, Net Position, Central Bank Account, Systemic Risk.

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